Observing the Landscape and Lifescape of the Jeneberang Hulu Watershed: Interactions Between Development and Local Communities

Abstract The evolving understanding of the relationship between humans and the environment has led to the concept of landscape-lifescape, emphasizing the integration of biophysical and human elements in sustainable land management. This study analyzes the dynamics of landscape and lifescape in the Jeneberang Hulu Watershed, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, focusing on the influence of stakeholder interactions on rural community livelihoods. Utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS), structured interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs), the study identifies significant connections between landscape changes and livelihood capitals: social, economic, natural, human, and physical. Results indicate that 60 % of lifescape conditions are moderate, 20 % are low, and 20 % are high. Natural capital has transitioned from vegetated community land to residential land as the area develops into a tourist destination, impacting economic capital by shifting livelihoods toward tourism services. Physical capital, such as road access and housing, is relatively strong, while health conditions are satisfactory. However, education, skills, and access to savings and credit remain challenges. Social capital is robust, characterized by strong harmony and kinship. The study highlights the need for better coordination among stakeholders to enhance community practices in land management, enabling villagers to optimize livelihood capitals for sustainable living.