Incorporation of Tubular Carbon Nitride and Bi ₂ O ₃ Flower for Efficient Photodegradation of BPA

Abstract Photocatalysis presents an effective approach for the removal of organic pollutants such as bisphenol A (BPA). In this study, CN‐Bi 2 O 3 heterojunction composites were synthesized to enhance photocatalytic degradation efficiency. The combination of bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) with carbon nitride (CN) broadens light absorption and promotes effective charge separation, as confirmed by spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses. Among the composites, CN‐Bi 2 O 3 ‐0.5 exhibited the highest performance, achieving a BPA removal efficiency of 76.0% within 30 min, far exceeding that of pure CN (1.1%) and Bi 2 O 3 (3.2%). Scavenger and trapping experiments revealed that photogenerated holes (h + ) and superoxide radicals (∙O 2 − ) played dominant roles in the degradation process. The composite also demonstrated good stability and reusability across multiple cycles. These findings highlight the potential of CN‐Bi 2 O 3 composites as efficient and robust photocatalysts for environmental remediation applications.