Colorectal cancer in the Al-Jawad centre: A descriptive study

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Iraq, its incidence is on the rise, potentially due to lifestyle changes, dietary habits, aging populations, and improved diagnostic capabilities. Biomarkers like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are key in assessing disease progression. Aim: To describe the demographic, clinical, and biochemical profiles of CRC patients attending the Al-Jawad Centre and to explore key risk factors associated with CRC in this population. MethodS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Al-Jawad Centre in Baghdad between September and December 2024. Data from 100 CRC patients were collected through direct interviews. Demographic data, lifestyle factors, dietary habits, comorbidities, and clinical presentations were recorded. Serum CEA levels were measured using a fluorescence immunoassay. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v22. Results: The majority of patients were male (56%) and over 50 years old (64%). Most had traditional dietary habits (54%) and heavy-duty occupations (64%). Common symptoms included rectal bleeding (28%), constipation (26%), and iron deficiency anemia (24%). Notable risk factors included smoking (40%), diabetes (36%), and family history of CRC (60%). Serum CEA levels ≥5 ng/mL were observed in 64% of cases, indicating a high tumor burden. Conclusion: Colorectal cancer in this cohort predominantly affected older males with several modifiable risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, and diet. Elevated CEA levels suggest the need for early screening and monitoring strategies to improve outcomes.