Personalized medicine: A novel approach to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment

COPD is a long-standing and multifactorial respiratory disease brought on mainly by chronic bronchitis and emphysema and constitutes a substantial global burden of morbidity and mortality, especially in LMICs (low- and middle-income countries). Advances in research have revealed the multifactorial nature of COPD, driven by genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors. Key molecular biomarkers, including C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde, have improved diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Genetic insights, such as SERPINA1 mutations and telomerase deficiencies, have deepened the understanding of its pathogenesis, highlighting the potential of precision medicine. Innovations in imaging techniques like computed tomography and quantitative imaging have facilitated the classification of COPD subtypes, enabling the development of targeted therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. However, challenges like disease heterogeneity, limited pharmacogenomic applications, and insufficient clinical trial models persist. Emerging technologies, including multi-omics and systems pharmacology, offer promising pathways for personalized treatment. Future studies focus on incorporating these innovations into clinical settings and overcoming current challenges to ensure holistic COPD management and better patient outcomes. Collaboration between researchers and healthcare professionals will play a crucial role in developing advanced treatments and enhancing the quality of life for those living with COPD.