The history of archival affairs in different countries: A comparative analysisof structures and organisational methods

This study aimed to examine the historical development of archival affairs and compare the specific features of its evolution in countries with well-established archival traditions, such as the USA, France, Germany, and Ukraine. Another key aspect of the research is the analysis of the structure and principles governing the functioning of archives, both in Ukraine and in other countries where archival science forms an integral part of historical scholarship. The development of archival science has been assessed, highlighting both its strengths and weaknesses. The study explored the history of archival affairs across different countries through the lens of comparative analysis, focusing on organisational structures and working methods. Additionally, it examines how historical, cultural, and socio-political contexts have influenced the development of archival institutions in various regions worldwide. Particular attention was given to ancient civilisations, such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Roman Empire, where archives served as repositories for important documents and administrative records. Furthermore, changes in archival operations during the Industrial Revolution and colonial expansion, which influenced the development of modern archival systems in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, have been analysed. Contemporary trends in archival studies, such as digitisation and the globalisation of archival practices, as well as the challenges faced by archivists in different countries, are examined. A comparative analysis revealed that, despite significant differences in the structure and organisation of archives, a common objective is the preservation of documentary heritage and the provision of access to archival resources. This comparative approach highlighted both shared and distinctive aspects of archival development