A policy analysis of low carbon development in the context of the water-energy-food nexus: Examining the low emission development strategy in Fiji

Abstract The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus approach has proved valuable in the investigation of complex systems, allowing for tailored analysis for specific scopes. This is particularly relevant due to variations in WEF nexus interactions observed between countries and regions. This article uses qualitative methods to investigate the effects of Fiji’s ambitious carbon mitigation policies through a WEF nexus approach. A framework for Policy Coherence assessment was used to score the strength and direction of policy interactions. Overall, the assessment revealed more synergies than trade-offs between Fiji’s Low Emission Development Strategy (LEDS) and nexus sectoral policies, with the energy sector having the most interactions. Analysis of data obtained from key informant interviews and the policy coherence outcomes show important trade-offs and synergies between sectors, which are useful in informing national and sectoral level policy development. The research provides policy recommendations that address governance, technology and innovation, human capital, and land issues to overcome barriers to implementing climate mitigation targets in the LEDS and Nationally Determined Contributions. This study demonstrates the utility of the WEF nexus approach through applying qualitative methods to provide valuable insights for sectoral-level nexus research. Such an approach can be applied to other small island nations facing similar challenges.