Safe and Scale‐up‐friendly Synthesis of TKX‐50

ABSTRACT This study presents a safe and scalable synthesis of dihydroxylammonium 5,5'‐bistetrazole‐1,1'‐diolate (TKX‐50), a high‐performance explosive with superior detonation velocity and reduced sensitivity. Traditional methods face challenges such as harsh conditions, corrosive reagents, and sensitivity of intermediates. We introduce a novel approach that replaces sensitive intermediates, eliminates corrosive HCl gas, and optimizes reaction conditions. Using a single equivalent of HCl in solution at lower temperatures, we achieve high yields of TKX‐50 under milder conditions. This method improves efficiency, scalability, and safety, facilitating broader use of TKX‐50 as a next‐generation explosive.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics
Published
2025-05-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.12073
Primary Topic
Energetic Materials and Combustion
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Safe and Scale‐up‐friendly Synthesis of TKX‐50

Woong Hee Lee, Seunghee Kim, Sojung Lee, Kuktae Kwon
2 links
Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics
Energetic Materials and Combustion
article

Safe and Scale‐up‐friendly Synthesis of TKX‐50

Woong Hee Lee, Seunghee Kim, Sojung Lee, Kuktae Kwon
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study presents a safe and scalable synthesis of dihydroxylammonium 5,5'‐bistetrazole‐1,1'‐diolate (TKX‐50), a high‐performance explosive with superior detonation velocity and reduced sensitivity. Traditional methods face challenges such as harsh conditions, corrosive reagents, and sensitivity of intermediates. We introduce a novel approach that replaces sensitive intermediates, eliminates corrosive HCl gas, and optimizes reaction conditions. Using a single equivalent of HCl in solution at lower temperatures, we achieve high yields of TKX‐50 under milder conditions. This method improves efficiency, scalability, and safety, facilitating broader use of TKX‐50 as a next‐generation explosive.

Propellants Explosives PyrotechnicsVol. 50(6)
Agency for Defense Development (KR), Hanwha Solutions (South Korea) (KR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 87%
Energetic Materials and Combustion
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.