Pathophysiology of Chylous Anasarca Caused by Lymphatic Occlusion: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

<b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study was to propose a pathophysiological hypothesis for the occurrence of non-traumatic chylous effusions and Central Conducting Lymphatic Anomalies (CCLAs) related to lymphatic occlusion. <b>Methods</b>: We investigated the case of a 39-year-old woman managed at Nîmes University Hospital for chylous anasarca related to an endoluminal lymphatic occlusion. We then conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on CCLAs. <b>Results</b>: Lymphatic drainage is a dynamic process. Obstacles to lymphatic drainage via the thoracic duct can lead to chylous anasarca, depending on where the obstruction is. Lymphatic occlusion seems to be an explanation for certain CCLAs. <b>Conclusions</b>: Understanding CCLAs via the theory of lymph occlusion opens the way to new therapeutic options, but requires further investigation in order to personalize the patient's treatment.