What is new in the assessment of etiopathogenetic modalities of cardiorenal diseases?

The pathophysiological framework of cardiorenal diseases has undergone a significant conceptual shift. Once regarded primarily as a hemodynamic interplay between the heart and kidneys, cardiorenal syndromes are now interpreted through the lens of complex multisystem dysfunction. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, and neurohormonal imbalance in mediating this interplay. Novel biomarkers and high-throughput technologies, including multi-omics and artificial intelligence, offer unprecedented insights into early and overlapping mechanisms of injury. This evolving landscape challenges traditional assessment models and opens the way for a new integrative, personalized approach to diagnosis and management.