Extracellular Biosynthesis of Ruthenium Oxide Nanoparticles using Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and Assessment of Their Biological Activity

The present study leverages Hibiscus sabdariffa L. as a bio-based platform to develop a green synthesis approach for the fabrication of ruthenium oxide nanoparticles (RuONPs), with a focus on minimizing environmental impact. The extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. acts as a stabilizing and reducing agent in synthesizing RuONPs. Several techniques viz. UV-visible, FT-IR, XRD and SEM were used to clarify the size, shape, crystallinity and surface functional groups in the synthesized RuONPs. The antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties of RuONPs were evaluated as part of the bioactivity assessment.