Improvement of China’s healthy city construction policies from the perspective of policy instruments

The results show that China's current healthy city policies use a mix of policies to manage supply, environment, and demand. Most of these policies are based on supply, with high levels of government involvement. However, more policies are needed. They encourage individuals, families, communities, and social groups to participate freely in the policy process. In the future, the combination of policy tools can be quickly adjusted to enhance the effectiveness of policy implementation. At the national level, a strong commitment is made to promote healthy urban development. However, the use of policy tools across different construction sectors needs to be evenly distributed. It must be acknowledged that the effectiveness of policy tools in enhancing efficiency requires further investigation. However, the current study needs to be revised. Differences in the understanding of policy instruments may lead to different results, thus affecting the effectiveness of policy recommendations.