Preparation and Modification of MXene Composites for Application in Electrochemical Energy Storage

With the acceleration of advanced industrialization and urbanization, the environment is deteriorating rapidly, and non-renewable energy resources are depleted. The gradual advent of potential clean energy storage technologies is particularly urgent. Electrochemical energy storage technologies have been widely used in multiple fields, especially supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries, as vital elements of storing renewable energy. In recent years, two-dimensional material MXene has shown great potential in energy and multiple application fields thanks to its excellent electrical properties, large specific surface area, and tunability. Based on the layered materials of MXene, researchers have successfully achieved the dual functions of energy storage and conversion by adjusting the surface terminals at the Fermi level. It is worth noting that compared with other two-dimensional materials, MXene has more active sites on the basal plane, showing excellent catalytic performance. In contrast, other two-dimensional materials have catalytic activity only at the edge sites. This article comprehensively overviews the synthesis process, structural characteristics, modification methods for MXene-based polymer materials, and their applications in electrochemical energy storage. It also briefly discusses the potential of MXene-polymer materials in electromagnetic shielding technology and sensors and looks forward to future research directions.