The therapeutic and preservation potentials of palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L.) in its edible and non-edible forms

The palmyrah tree often called the "tree of life" or the "toddy palm”. Thriving in equatorial climates particularly in South and Southeast Asia, it remains essential to the lives of millions, even as modernization and changing lifestyles progress. Palmyra exhibits remarkable resilience to harsh environments and diverse applications make it an invaluable resource for sustainable development and conservation. Leaves, spadix, inflorescence, fruit, seed, haustorium and roots of the palmyrah tree provide unique therapeutic benefits. The leaves relieve arthritis, while the inflorescence helps soothe heartburn. Neera (the sap) is effective in healing ulcers and the fruit reduces fevers. Additionally, the bark decoction serves as an effective mouthwash and the roots are known for treating respiratory illnesses. The haustorium, particularly when harvested in the 12th week, contains beneficial chemicals identified through Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, such as Hydroxymethylfurfural (19.45 %) and 4H-Pyran-4-one (1.45 %). These compounds aid in treating anemia and sickle cell disease while also exhibiting antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Similarly, the tuber contains compounds like Linalool (2.97 %), Terpinen-4-ol (1.0 %) and α-Terpineol (3.8 %), identified through GC-MS analysis, which provide antimicrobial, antifungal and antibacterial effects. Beyond its medicinal value, the palmyrah tree significantly contributes to the production of value-added products, including palm sugar, high fiber tuber flour. Further current work explores various methods for extending the shelf life of palmyrah-derived products, enhancing their availability and promoting sustainable development.