Changes in prevalence of alcohol and tobacco consumption across districts of India, 2016 and 2021

The national decline in tobacco and alcohol consumption indicates progress. However, there remains a need for continuous and targeted interventions to target high-consumption pockets and address geographic disparities. The results of the present study indicate that interventions focusing on changing tobacco and alcohol consumption should consider the geographical variation at smaller administrative units. By implementing evidence-based policies and interventions suited to the needs of the local areas, public health authorities can continue to make significant strides in improving the health and well-being of the population and reducing the burden of alcohol and tobacco-related diseases.