Frequency regulation of multi area hybrid power system with electric vehicle integration

This study explores frequency regulation in large hybrid power systems by leveraging electric vehicles (EVs) to enhance grid stability. A novel control strategy, termed the Donkey and Smuggler Technique (DST), is proposed to optimize a Three- Degree-of-Freedom Proportional-Integral-Derivative (3DOFPID) controller. The system model incorporates real-world challenges such as communication delays and sudden variations in power demand. Extensive simulations were conducted to evaluate the system's performance under various scenarios, including controller effectiveness, the impact of communication latency, and the influence of EV integration. Results demonstrate that incorporating EVs significantly improves frequency stability. The proposed controller exhibited fast settling times and minimal frequency deviations. Overall, the approach shows strong potential for application in future smart grids, highlighting the valuable role of EVs in maintaining grid reliability.