Enhancing grid connectivity and power quality through reactive power management in DC-AC converters

Solar energy, contributing significantly to the global renewable capacity by 2019, has seen rapid adoption due to substantial cost reductions, including major drops in utility-scale PV LCOE and crystalline PV module prices. These advancements demand innovative technologies like multilevel converters and transformer less systems to overcome challenges in traditional inverter topologies, such as bulky transformers. PV systems, using semiconductor materials like silicon, are categorized as stand- alone or grid-linked, with grid-linked systems dominating due to their ability to exchange energy with the grid. Multilevel converters enhance power quality and reduce system issues like high- frequency switching damage, making them ideal for high-power applications. Widely used in grid and off-grid setups, PV systems continue to expand in applications such as rural electrification and water pumping, cementing their role in sustainable energy.