Load frequency control of contemporary power system with honey badger algorithm tuned regulator

This study focuses on enhancing Load Frequency Control (LFC) in contemporary interconnected power systems using a novel optimization-based approach. A Two-Degree-of-Freedom Proportional-Integral-Derivative (2DOFPID) controller is proposed and its parameters are optimally tuned using the Honey Badger Optimization Algorithm (HBOA), a recent nature-inspired met heuristic known for its robust global search capability. The controller is evaluated on a Multi- Area Diversified Multi-Fuel (MADMF) system model subjected to various step load perturbations. To increase operational realism, system nonlinearities such as generation rate constraints, communication delays, and governor dead-band effects are incorporated. The analysis is extended by integrating a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) tie-line to study its effect on frequency dynamics and inter-area oscillation damping. Comparative simulations demonstrate that the HBOA-tuned 2DOFPID controller significantly outperforms traditional PI, PID, and fuzzy PID controllers by minimizing frequency deviations, overshoot, and settling time. The system exhibits strong robustness even under varying load conditions. The findings confirm that the proposed controller, when combined with HVDC infrastructure, offers a reliable and efficient solution for maintaining frequency stability in modern power grids.