Characterization of Microplastic Pollution Along the Red Sea Coast of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

This study presents a structured characterization of microplastic pollution along the Red Sea coast of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Utilizing advanced analytical techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIS), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), we examined the physical, chemical, and morphological properties of microplastic samples. The research revealed significant weathering and degradation of particles, predominantly composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Water analysis provided context for understanding degradation processes. Potential pollution sources were identified, including urban runoff, coastal activities, and industrial discharge. This work contributes to the understanding of microplastic pollution in the unique Red Sea ecosystem and informs targeted mitigation strategies.