Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Impact Forces on Blocking Piles Within Embankment Breaches Using Flow Velocity Signals

In the realm of structural health monitoring (SHM) and smart disaster prevention, accurately assessing the impact forces on emergency structures during natural disasters is crucial for a timely and effective response. Therefore, a theoretical method for the water flow impact force on embankment breach piles was established by combining the numerical model of breach hydraulics with the Morison equation. To assess the accuracy and validity of the proposed theoretical calculation method, a 3D finite element model considering the coupling effect of water flow and pile arrangement was established, and the effects of flow velocity, water depth, and other factors on the force of the plugging structure were studied. A comparative analysis was conducted and indicated that the Morison equation method based on the flow velocity signals can calculate the impact force of the structure within a certain error range when the value of drag force coefficient CD is set to 1.0 and the value of inertia force coefficient CM is set to 2.0, providing a reference for emergency plugging decisions for embankment breaches. The findings provide essential theoretical references for data-driven emergency plugging decisions, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of smart disaster prevention strategies for embankment breaches.