Structural Model Validation: Evaluating the Goodness-of-Fits Indices of GUAM Framework

Models are fitted to data in an attempt to understand underlying processes that have been operating. To be useful, they should be parsimonious and clearly understood. For structural models, a huge variety of fit indices has been developed. These indices, however, can point to conclusions about the extent to which a model actually matches the observed data. The study evaluates the goodness-of-fit of a Generic Usability and Acceptance Model (GUAM). Measures for the study were adopted from the GUAM, and a questionnaire tagged Learning Innovations Adoption Questionnaire was used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test and understand the underlying structure of the proposed model, using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). As regards model fit, the model went through a number of iterations until a good model was realised. Validity and reliability of the proposed generic model were also examined, both showing satisfactory validity and good internal consistency, which indicate that a good model fit has been attained. On this basis, GUAM model is considered a valid and reliable theoretical tool for learning innovations adoption and use.