Enhancing Stability in Fractional-Order Systems: Criteria and Applications

This study investigates the stability of fractional-order systems with infinite delay, which are prevalent in many fields due to their effectiveness in modeling complex dynamic behaviors. Recent advancements concerning the existence and various categories of stability for solutions to the given problem are also highlighted. This investigation utilizes tools such as the Picard operator approach, the Banach fixed-point theorem, an extended form of Gronwall’s inequality, and several well-known special functions. We establish key stability criteria for fractional differential equations using Hadamard fractional derivatives and illustrate these concepts using a numerical example. Specifically, graphical representations of the system’s responses demonstrate how fractional-order control enhances stability compared to traditional integer-order approaches. Our results emphasize the value of fractional systems in improving system performance and robustness.