Three-dimensional characteristics and sex-based differences in sprinting movements in adolescent athletes

In this study, we aimed to use three-dimensional analysis to describe the characteristics and sex-based differences in sprinting movements during adolescence, with a specific focus on the upper limbs and trunk. A three-dimensional analysis of arm swing and trunk movement during sprinting was conducted in eight boys (aged 13–14 years) and eight girls (aged 13–14 years) belonging to a junior high school track and field club. The girls showed greater torsional movement of the trunk than the boys, and swung their arms laterally rather than longitudinally. These results indicate the existence of clear sex-based differences in adolescent sprinting movements. In addition, the large trunk rotation observed during sprinting in girls had a negative effect on pitch, suggesting that these movements are undesirable when attempting to improve sprinting performance