Research Progress on the Application of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Swallowing Function Assessment

脑卒中后会引发各种功能障碍，其中吞咽障碍是脑卒中患者最常见的症状之一。吞咽障碍的危害极其严重，脑卒中患者吞咽障碍的早期诊断和疗效评估尤为重要。吞咽是一种复杂的运动功能，其过程涉及双侧大脑皮层、脑干、特定脑神经及咽部感受器的协同调节。功能性近红外光谱技术(functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS)是一种新兴的安全无创技术，可动态监测组织血氧代谢，分析任务状态下的脑区激活情况，具有指导吞咽障碍治疗及疗效评价的潜在价值，有广阔的临床和科研应用前景。Stroke can lead to various functional impairments, among which dysphagia is one of the most common symptoms in stroke patients. Dysphagia poses significant risks, making early diagnosis and efficacy evaluation particularly important. Swallowing is a complex motor function that involves the coordinated regulation of both cerebral hemispheres, the brainstem, specific cranial nerves, and pharyngeal receptors. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging, safe, and non-invasive technology that dynamically monitors tissue oxygen metabolism and analyzes brain region activation under task conditions. It holds great potential for guiding dysphagia treatment and evaluating therapeutic efficacy, with promising applications in both clinical and research fields.