Technological Problems in Donkey Watering

Numerous physiological and biochemical processes in the body cannot function properly without water. Depending on age, an animal's body contains between 40% and 75% water (Nusshag, 1957) [6]. Water is present in all cells, tissues, enzymes, tissue fluids, secretions, and excretions. During the embryonic stage, the water content in the embryo can reach up to 97% (Anusz, 1975) [1]. In the body, water is found within cells and in extracellular spaces. The ratio of intracellular to extracellular water is 2:1. Intracellular water accounts for 45% of body mass. Animals, including donkeys, possess self-regulation of water intake. The amount of water they will drink depends on several factors, primarily on the amount of water lost and the availability of water for future drinking. If donkeys have constant access to water whenever they are thirsty, they will not consume excess quantities in one drinking session, but only as much as is needed to restore water balance.