A dataset of hydrological effects induced by historical and modern earthquakes in Southern Apennines (Italy)

We present a dataset documenting hydrological changes associated with seismic events of magnitude ranging from M = 4.1 and M = 7.1, occurring in Southern Italy between 1688 and 2019. Our study focused on three key areas of Southern Apennines, namely (from NW to SE) the Sannio-Matese, the Irpinia-Mefite, and Pollino regions. The dataset includes observations of stream, spring, and well discharge variations; liquefaction; turbid flow; changes in the chemical-physical parameters of water. The data were compiled from various sources spanning ∼330 years, including genre literature, historical chronicles, seismic postcards, and modern scientific papers. The resulting database comprises 610 records of hydrological effects induced by 40 seismic events, each record containing 12 numerical and textual fields of relevant information.