Prospects and Key Technical Challenges of 6G Communication Technology

With the widespread adoption of 5G, research into 6G communication has become a critical topic in the field. This study systematically analyzes the prospects and key challenges of 6G communication technology by reviewing relevant domestic and international literature. It explores the potential and obstacles of 6G across various applications, integrating multidisciplinary theories and technologies. The research focuses on 6G’s performance demands in ultra-high speed, low latency, and massive connectivity while examining advancements and applications in key areas such as millimeter waves, terahertz communication, and AI integration. Additionally, it identifies technical bottlenecks like signal propagation loss, spectrum allocation, and cybersecurity. Findings reveal that 6G holds significant promise, enabling more intelligent and efficient communication services in areas like smart transportation, industrial IoT, and telemedicine. However, overcoming technical challenges will require interdisciplinary collaboration, breakthroughs in core technologies, and the enhancement of standardization frameworks. This study provides theoretical foundations and guidance for advancing 6G research and development.