Retinal vascular calibers and correlations with biomarkers in bitches with pyometra-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Bitches with pyometra-induced SIRS exhibited significant retinal microvascular alterations characterized by arteriolar narrowing and venular dilation. These vascular changes correlated with systemic inflammatory markers and VEGF levels, suggesting that retinal vascular assessment may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for systemic inflammation in veterinary patients. Despite microvascular changes, no clinically visible retinal lesions were observed, warranting further longitudinal studies to elucidate their prognostic significance.