Ocular Injuries in Patients with Zygomaticomaxillary Complex (ZMC) Fractures at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore

Background: Ocular injuries are commonly linked with zygomatic-maxillary fractures, yet they can be easily overlooked. This study aimed to assess the severity of ocular injuries (impact on visual acuity) and potential risks associated with patients with ZMC fractures. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital Lahore, from January 2023 to December 2023, which analyzed the records of 73 patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures having ophthalmic consultations. Non-Probability Purposive sampling technique used. Data on age, gender, injury mechanism, zygomaticomaxillary fracture type, and associated ophthalmic injuries were extracted and analyzed using SPSS 21. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation, were calculated. Inferential statistics, such as chi-square tests (for categorical variables) and independent samples t-tests (for continuous variables), were used to identify significant associations. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The Maximum patients in this study were in the age range of 21-30, with a Mean age of 28.42 ± 7.516. Road traffic accidents were the main cause of trauma, comprising 52(71.2%). Mostly, patients had an inward and posterior displacement type of fracture (38.4%). Periorbital ecchymosis was seen in 59(80.8%) patients, subconjunctival hemorrhage in 54(74%), Diplopia in 30(41.1%), Enophthalmos in 16(21.9%), and Exophthalmos in 5(6.8%) patients, while one patient lost his vision after zygoma fracture in this study. Conclusion: ZMC fractures often involve ocular complications; thorough eye evaluation is crucial in facial trauma cases to identify and treat associated injuries.