ATTACHMENT TO DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY SITUATIONS: A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

This article explores the complex phenomenon of attachment[1] to dysfunctional family situations, a phenomenon that cannot be fully understood without considering the intricate interplay between individual psychological factors and socio-cultural dynamics. Beginning with an analysis of the impact of early caregiving experiences on the formation of internal working models (IWMs)[2] and on psychological well-being[3] in adulthood, the article delves into the roles of familiarity, homesickness (Heimweh)[4], and fear of the unknown in perpetuating maladaptive dynamics, even when individuals are aware of their detrimental effects. Particular attention is given to the defense mechanism of splitting, often employed to cope with painful and contradictory family realities, but which can hinder the crucial process of individuation-separation[5]. The influence of intergenerational trauma[6] and projective identification[7] processes in the construction of pathogenic family ties is examined through a broad sociological lens. Specifically, it analyzes how socioeconomic factors, cultural norms, social support networks, and access to resources contribute to shaping family dynamics, either promoting or hindering the breaking of dysfunctional patterns and the pursuit of healthier relationships. This article aims to provide a holistic understanding of this phenomenon by integrating psychological insights with empirical evidence from sociological research. Finally, intervention strategies are proposed to foster autonomy and personal growth, enabling individuals to free themselves from the "family nest trap"[8] through both individual psychological work and a commitment to social empowerment and greater social equity. The article emphasizes the importance of narrative reconstruction[9] (Ricoeur, 1990) as a means of re-elaborating one's family history and constructing new, more adaptive meanings, and the ethics of care[10] (Gilligan, 1982) as a guiding principle for building healthy interpersonal relationships and a more supportive and inclusive society.