An investigation of HPV vaccination willingness and influential factors among college students in Beijing based on the BeSD framework and evaluation of momentary intervention effect

The HPV vaccination is a valid method to prevent cervical cancer which is the sixth leading cause of cancer death among females. However, the HPV vaccination rate is estimated to be low in China, and it is necessary to find the influencing factors. Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSD) is a survey tool to comprehensively assess the factors influencing vaccination. Hence, this study made questionnaires based on BeSD framework and recruited students from 14 colleges in Beijing as samples to assess the HPV vaccination status and identify the influential factors associated with HPV vaccination. Besides, health intervention was carried out in the form of animated video, and the effect of momentary intervention was evaluated. SPSS20.0 was used to analyze data. The results showed 88.06% (295/335) of the participants were willing to be vaccinated, with 52.53% (176/335) having already received the HPV vaccine. Chi-square test and multi-factor analysis showed that factors associated with higher vaccination willingness included being female, sexually active, having higher monthly expenses, having greater awareness of HPV vaccination, and stronger social support (<i>p</i> < .05). Higher vaccination rates were observed among higher education levels, female, medical majors, higher expenses, concern about HPV infection, and those who had received health workers' recommendation (<i>p</i> < .05). Rank sum test results show that the momentary interventions can effectively improve HPV willingness to vaccinate. The results of this study indicated that strengthen the publicity campaign of HPV vaccine, reduce the cost and improve the appointment arrangement might help to increase the vaccination rate.