Collective identity as a tool of cultural diplomacy

The civic concept of identity pertains to the development of nations within states, which have geographical and political-national entities. A nation refers to the collective body of individuals who reside within the borders of a state and adhere to its laws. In contrast, the ethnic concept of identity, encompassing traditions, language, religion, and heritage, emerged primarily in Germany and Eastern Europe as a response to communities striving to assert their distinctiveness. The concept of nation is inherently linked to the notion of identity, reflecting an individual’s attachment to their origin, traditions, culture, and language, which may not necessarily align with the state of their birth or residence.This paper introduces the Theory of Collective Identity (TCI), through the lens of Britishness, which seeks to reinforce and promote Britishness as a collective identity. The United Kingdom (UK) embodies a shared (collective) identity, comprising English, Welsh, Scottish and Northern Irish identities. Historical developments, societal actions, and core values such as religious freedom, tolerance, and personal and social responsibility have all shaped the construction of British identity. This paper explores which components are pivotal in defining Britishness, examining factors such as the English language, birthplace, British citizenship, residence, heritage, religious affiliation, and the role of individual identification as British.