Phacomatosis

Neurocutaneous syndromes are a group of genetically transmitted diseases with skin lesions, of which more than 60 types have been defined and are of ectodermal origin. Except for ataxia-telangiectasia, all are autosomal dominant. These syndromes are significant in neuro-oncology because they create a predisposition to cancer and cause the formation of a wide range of tumors, from hamartomas to malignant tumors. There is no curative treatment in these syndromes; their treatments are symptomatic and surgical treatment is preferred only due to severe neurological deficits and increased mass effect. This article aims to re-summarize the clinical features of common neurocutaneous syndromes in light of current developments.