Global prevalence of mortality and poor functional outcomes among older adults with hip fracture: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

The gradual increase in older adults with hip fracture has been reflected in demographic data from both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the global prevalence of mortality, poor functional outcomes, and comorbidities among older adults with hip fracture. The CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the 12-item Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Pooled estimations of standardized mean difference (SMD) and heterogeneity (quantified with I²) were calculated using a random-effects model. A total of 22 studies involving 1,361,950 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of mortality among males and females was 29%. Poor functional outcomes and comorbidities included falls (22%), walking disability (42%), cognitive impairment (39%), and diabetes mellitus (ranging from 9% to 84.13%). This study underlines the urgency of establishing the best treatment options for addressing hip fractures.