Evaluation of Uterine Morphology, Its Body Axis and Utero Cervical Angle with their Clinical Significance using Ultrasound in North Indian Adult Female Population

Introduction: Women's reproductive tract congenital abnormalities may affect the "uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, or vagina."The most prevalent of the mullerian variants are uterine abnormalities.Identification of these variations and their clinical consequences is crucial in developing management strategies for preventing gynaecological and obstetrical complications. Methods:This was an observational and ambispective study conducted on 100 non pregnant nulligravid females with 50 cases (history of PID or dysmenorrhoea) and 50 controls.Evaluation of utero cervical angle (UCA), uterine morphology, and uterine axis was done using trans abdominal ultrasonography (TAS).Retrospective data regarding history of PID, dysmenorrhea etc. were recorded through direct interview with study participants and from their past medical records.Patients were also followed for 6 months for detection of any clinical events. Statistical Analysis:The data obtained from cases and controls were presented in tabular form.Comparisons of continuous data such as age, BMI, and uterine measurements were performed using unpaired t-tests.Uterine Orientation and baseline parameters were expressed as percentages and ratios and compared using fisher's exact test.A P-value less than 0.05 was taken as a measure of significance.Results: Anterior utero-cervical angle was significantly higher in cases (127.86 15.54) as compared to controls (108.97 11.42).Uterine body longitudinal and transverse axis were significantly lower as in cases as compared to control whereas uterine cervix longitudinal axis was significantly higher in cases. Conclusion:Women with short uterus with high UCA and cervical longitudinal axis had higher likelihood of developing pelvic inflammatory disease or dysmenorrhoea.