Macroeconomic effects of centralized and decentralized digital platforms for business activities recovery in Ukraine

The paper explores the macroeconomic effects of the development of centralized and decentralized digital platforms and their role in reviving business activity in Ukraine. The authors analyse the transformational impact of platforms on traditional sectors of the economy, the labour market, and the system of public governance. Special attention is paid to the synergy of platforms with other digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and the Internet of Things. The article conceptualizes the platform economy as a new stage of capitalism, characterized by a shift in emphasis from the production of goods and services to the creation of a technological infrastructure for the interaction of economic agents. Platforms act as intermediaries that provide a link between producers and consumers, suppliers and customers, employers and employees. They create conditions for the realization of network effects and the reduction of transaction costs and information asymmetry. Using the automotive industry as an example, the authors examine changes in business models under the influence of the “mobility as a service” concept and the sharing economy. The authors also investigate the phenomenon of policy isomorphism, when political institutions begin to imitate the logic of platforms’ functioning. Based on the analysis of international experience and Ukrainian cases of platformization in retail, transport, and financial services, the authors offer recommendations for state policy to stimulate the development of the platform economy in Ukraine. In particular, they emphasize the need to adapt the regulatory environment, develop digital infrastructure and skills, support domestic innovations, and ensure the inclusiveness of platform services. The article has an interdisciplinary character and will be of interest to researchers, policymakers, and practitioners dealing with the digital transformation of the economy and society. The authors conclude that the successful transformation of Ukraine’s economy towards a more platform-oriented model will depend on the ability of all stakeholders – business, government, and consumers – to effectively respond to these challenges and take advantage of the opportunities offered by the platform economy.