Core GRADE 6: presenting the evidence in summary of findings tables
This sixth article in a seven part series presents the Core GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summary of findings tables. These tables provide essential information about the effects of interventions on patient important outcomes, including relative and absolute effects, certainty of evidence, and a plain language summary. For binary outcomes calculating absolute effects requires applying relative risk estimates to baseline risks from studies representative of the target population. For groups of patients with very different baseline risks, summary of findings tables include separate rows with different estimates of absolute effects. For continuous outcomes, challenges arise when individual studies use different instruments to measure patient reported outcomes. Facilitating interpretation then requires providing details about units of measurement and minimally important differences.
Authors
- Arnav Agarwal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5780-725X)
- Romina Brignardello‐Petersen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6010-9900)
- Thomas Agoritsas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-9969)
- Manya Prasad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-0013)
- Per Olav Vandvik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-2710)
- Benjamin Djulbegović (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-1447)
- Gordon Guyatt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-5718)
- Monica Hultcrantz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5140-4289)
- Tahira Devji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-7410)
- Iván D. Flórez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-8932)
- Alfonso Iorio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3331-8766)
- Hans de Beer
- Bram Rochwerg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-7061)
- Mohammad Hassan Murad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5502-5975)
- Linan Zeng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9892-2000)
- Reem A. Mustafa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-0875)
- Stefan Schandelmaier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-0337)
- Derek K. Chu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8269-4496)
- Liang Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-3136)
- Víctor M. Montori (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0595-2898)
Institutions
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- University College Cork (IE)
- West China Medical Center of Sichuan University (CN)
- University Hospital of Basel (CH)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Universidad de Antioquia (CO)
- West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University (CN)
- Instituto de Cancerología Las Américas (CO)
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (IN)
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona (US)
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- Stockholm Health Care Services (SE)
- Mayo Clinic in Florida (US)
- Impact (CA)
- Child Guidance Center (US)
- University of Pecs (HU)
- McMaster University (CA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMJ
- Published
- 2025-05-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-083866
- Citations
- 17
- Primary Topic
- Machine Learning in Healthcare
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 42.18