The experimental and numerical results of a spinning/whirling composite thick-beam of glass fibers reinforced with CNR based on SSDT and neutral axis with electric field

This article examines a spinning/whirling vibration for a thick composite beam, including one hundred layers of glass fibers, epoxy resin, and carbon nanorods (CNRs). The CNR used in the present investigation was synthesized using recycled materials (potato peel) and hydrothermal methods. The impact of CNR on the vibrations is analyzed using numerical and experimental evidence. Experimental results show that by adding 0.32 % CNRs, the natural frequency increases by 46.6%. The equations are formulated based on the sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory and the neutral axis. Then, the equations are solved using the Ritz method. The study examines the impact of different parameters, including rotational speeds, axial force, Young's modulus of the resin epoxy and glass fibers, aspect ratio, temperature change, volume fraction of CNR, and thickness on Campbell diagrams for the composite beam with and without CNR as reinforcement. Gyroscopic effects of the composite beam caused by the rotation of this beam around the y and x-axis are investigated. The Campbell diagrams, which are based on the rotational speed of the thick structure, reveal that higher temperatures lead to a decrease in natural frequency. Conversely, raising Young's modulus increases the natural frequency because increasing the stiffness of composite beam. By enhancing volume fraction of CNR, the damped and undamped natural frequency increases. Augmenting the velocity of the structure diminishes the natural frequency. The angular velocity along the y-axis exerts a more significant impact. The traction force significantly enhances the natural frequency of the rotating structure. The findings indicate that CNR is an economical and eco-friendly substitute for nanotubes. This amplifier is used in several sectors, including aviation, terrestrial, and maritime transportation, as well as in rotating turbines, rotating structures, and rotary drilling machinery. Also, the comparison of different theories shows that the effect of SSDT on the natural frequency is lower than that of the other theories.