Integrating low impact development practices with GIS and SWMM for enhanced urban drainage and flood mitigation: A case study of Gurugram, India

Urban flooding presents a critical challenge in rapidly urbanizing regions due to the proliferation of impervious surfaces and inadequate traditional drainage systems. The integration of Low Impact Development (LID) strategies offers a promising approach to mitigate these issues by enhancing decentralized stormwater management. This study investigates the efficacy of LID practices in mitigating urban flooding within Gurugram, India, a rapidly urbanizing city facing challenges from inadequate drainage infrastructure and increased impervious surfaces. Utilizing the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the study simulated runoff dynamics across eight high-runoff sub-catchments under five scenarios: a baseline (no LID) and four incorporating green roofs, permeable pavements, rain barrels, and a combination of all three. Results demonstrate significant reductions in runoff volume and peak discharge across all LID scenarios, with green roofs exhibiting the highest individual effectiveness (maximum 52.92% runoff reduction). The combined LID approach yielded the most substantial improvements (up to 72.31% runoff volume and 54.05% peak discharge reduction), highlighting the synergistic benefits of integrated stormwater management strategies. The study also addresses the challenges of LID implementation, including maintenance requirements and socio-economic considerations, emphasizing the need for comprehensive urban planning and policy support to ensure long-term success.