Study on discharge and short circuit generation in CMS GE1/1 triple-GEM detectors during Run 3

Abstract The installation of the new GE1/1 station of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment was completed during the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The GE1/1 station has been operational in the CMS detector since the beginning of the Run-3 data-taking phase, and for the first time the GEM technology was deployed on a large scale, comprised of 144 chambers and tested in running conditions as integral part of the CMS data acquisition, reconstruction, and analysis chain. The deployment of the GEM detector required careful planning throughout the years, posing several challenges of practical and conceptual nature in integrating an entirely new subsystem in the existing CMS frame. Operations on the other hand provided a unique opportunity to test the GEM technology in never-before seen conditions, and an occasion to study their behavior during data taking. In describing some of the solutions to the posed challenges and the findings during the data-taking, the article will focus on the aspects related to power system management, including high-voltage and current monitoring, which is intrinsically related to the response of the chamber due to the workings of the GEM foil charge flow. To this end, this article will illustrate the operations of GE1/1 detectors in the first two years of Run-3, with a particular focus on the analysis of discharge occurrences, on the generation of short circuits in GE1/1 GEM foils and on the adopted mitigation strategies. The applied layout of the GEM detectors is thoroughly described, and detailed operating conditions of the detectors are discussed, along with the actions taken to mitigate these events.

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Journal
Journal of Instrumentation
Published
2025-05-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/05/p05035
Primary Topic
Particle Detector Development and Performance
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article
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article

Study on discharge and short circuit generation in CMS GE1/1 triple-GEM detectors during Run 3

B. Kailasapathy, S. Bansal, S. Gigli, F. Ivone et al.
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Journal of Instrumentation
Particle Detector Development and Performance
article

Study on discharge and short circuit generation in CMS GE1/1 triple-GEM detectors during Run 3

B. Kailasapathy, S. Bansal, S. Gigli, F. Ivone, Jeremie Alexandre Merlin, D. U. J. Sonnadara, M.P. Rodriguez, P. Everaerts, J. D. Ruiz Alvarez, G. Gilmore, P. K. Rout, R. Campagnola, Ikram Asghar, J. B. Singh, S. Kim, A. Datta, W. G. D. Dharmaratna, Roberto Tesauro, K. Skovpen, S. Chauhan, Chao Zhou, B. Regnery, L. Pétré, C. Ávila, D. Fiorina, H. R. Hoorani, M. Shopova, G. De Robertis, G. De Lentdecker, P. E. Karchin, M. Franco, Towsifa Akhter, T. Huang, S. Butalla, A.K. Sahota, K. Black, S. AbuZeid, N. Cavallo, Angela Zaza, J. S. H. Lee, L. Longo, G. Mocellin, S. Thakur, M. Hohlmann, M. Maggi, A. Braghieri, A. Pellecchia, E. Paoletti, Z. Li, D. Teyssier, Y. Ban, Inkyu Park, J. Jaramillo, A. Russo, Donato Troiano, G. Rashevski, D. Wang, F. Loddo, M. Caponero, N. Lacalamita, H. Kim, S. Nuzzo, Abdul Wajid, R. Band, S. Keshri, R. Hadjiiska, O. Bouhali, Unki Yang, A. Cagnotta, S. Calzaferri, I. Yu, F. Licciulli, V. Bhatnagar, S. Colafranceschi, M. Saini, D. Rathjens, R. Radogna, Nayana Majumdar, G. Saviano, D. Saltzberg, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, G. Sultanov, A. A. Abdelalim, A. Safonov, S. Abbott, Muhammad Ali, Brajlata Chauhan, W. Jang, Kalpanie Liyanage, T. Elkafrawy, C. Aruta, C. Aimè, Yifan Yang, G. Alasfour, D. Aebi, Erick Yanes, Marco Buonsante, Sydney Ostrom, S. Kumar, Q. Li, A. Sharma, Z. You, P. Vitulo, C. Riccardi, F. Fabozzi, Ashfaq Ahmad, D. Piccolo, S. Bianco, R. Oliveira, W. Vetens, Arun Kumar, M. Naimuddin, A. Colaleo, R. Erbacher, W. Ahmed, A. Stamerra, M. Citron, K. Höepfner, A. Aravind, P. Giacomelli, R. Venditti, S. Malhotra, A. Warden, I. Vai, I. J. Watson, I. Yoon, F. Fallavollita, A. De Iorio, P. Verwilligen, Kithsiri Malagalage, M. Tytgat, T. Beyrouthy, S. Brachet, M. Otkur, Z. Szillási, N. Beni, P. Aspell, D. Pierluigi, P. Paolucci, D. Teague, C. Galloni, A. Ranieri, J. Kim, A. Conde Garcia, F. Cassese, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, S. Martiradonna, Nimantha Perera, M. Kim, Y. Kang, M. Bianco, M. Luhach, D. D. C. Wickramarathna, Byeonghak Ko, B. C. Choudhary, N. Wickramage, H. Abdalla, T. Kamon, S. Zaleski, T. Sheokand, Yanwen Hong, F. Simonetto, G. Passeggio, A. K. Virdi, B. Rossi, G. Gökbulut, M. Abbrescia, E. Juska, T. Hebbeker, S. Muhammad, M. Merschmeyer, M. Abbas, César Rendón, Bandar Alsufyani, D. Kim, L. Benussi, L. Lista, Felice Nenna, Carlo Di Fraia, Leonardo Favilla, A.A. Ruales, Alberto Orso Maria Iorio
article en

Abstract

Abstract The installation of the new GE1/1 station of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment was completed during the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The GE1/1 station has been operational in the CMS detector since the beginning of the Run-3 data-taking phase, and for the first time the GEM technology was deployed on a large scale, comprised of 144 chambers and tested in running conditions as integral part of the CMS data acquisition, reconstruction, and analysis chain. The deployment of the GEM detector required careful planning throughout the years, posing several challenges of practical and conceptual nature in integrating an entirely new subsystem in the existing CMS frame. Operations on the other hand provided a unique opportunity to test the GEM technology in never-before seen conditions, and an occasion to study their behavior during data taking. In describing some of the solutions to the posed challenges and the findings during the data-taking, the article will focus on the aspects related to power system management, including high-voltage and current monitoring, which is intrinsically related to the response of the chamber due to the workings of the GEM foil charge flow. To this end, this article will illustrate the operations of GE1/1 detectors in the first two years of Run-3, with a particular focus on the analysis of discharge occurrences, on the generation of short circuits in GE1/1 GEM foils and on the adopted mitigation strategies. The applied layout of the GEM detectors is thoroughly described, and detailed operating conditions of the detectors are discussed, along with the actions taken to mitigate these events.

Journal of InstrumentationVol. 20(05)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE), Florida Institute of Technology (US), Ain Shams University (EG), University of Delhi (IN), University of Seoul (KR), University of Ruhuna (LK), Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE), University of Wisconsin–Madison (US), Seoul National University (KR), Cairo University (EG), Sun Yat-sen University (CN), Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (IN), University of California, Los Angeles (US), Universidad de Los Andes (CO), Wayne State University (US), University of Tarapacá (CL), HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (HU), Peking University (CN), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BG), University of Pavia (IT), Ghent University Hospital (BE), American University of the Middle East (KW), Universidad de Antioquia (CO), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari (IT), Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (BG), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (EG), Abdus Salam Centre for Physics (PK), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT), Zewail City of Science and Technology (EG), Hanyang University (KR), Panjab University (IN), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH), Polytechnic University of Bari (IT), Helwan University (EG), University of California, Davis (US), Sungkyunkwan University (KR), RWTH Aachen University (DE), University of Colombo (LK), Texas A&M University (US), University of Bologna (IT)
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Particle Detector Development and Performance
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