Optimal Allocation of Hybrid Energy Storage Capacity for Microgrids Considering Electric Vehicles

The efficient utilization of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology and energy storage systems (ESS) can significantly enhance grid stability. This paper proposes a capacity optimization allocation model for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in microgrids with electric vehicle (EV) access, aiming to ensure the stability of power in the tie-line. By implementing an orderly charging strategy, EVs can reduce the peak-to-valley load difference, thus lowering the cost of configuring the ESS. Additionally, this paper utilizes a modified Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer (SABO) algorithm to optimize variable mode decomposition (VMD) in addressing the power allocation problem of HESS. Simultaneously, a model is established to minimize the economic costs of HESS, thereby determining the optimal energy storage configuration and power distribution scheme. The scheme is validated using typical daily data in Southwest China, and the results show that the orderly charging of EVs not only reduces the peak-to-valley difference of loads and decreases the demand for HESS, but also synergizes with HESS to effectively suppress power fluctuations and enhance the stability of the power grid.