Strategy for scientific and technical development of Russia: from past to present

The article is devoted to the analysis of the experience of scientific and technological development of the USSR and the People’s Republic of China, which can serve the successful implementation of the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation and the achievement of national development goals of the country in the field of ensuring technological sovereignty and technological leadership. The main elements of acceleration programs that have proven themselves in world practice are highlighted. The shortcomings of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation at the present stage are analyzed, in which the potential of regions and public-private partnerships is still underestimated.