Optimal OCR Coordination in High Penetration Distribution System

This paper investigates the impact of distributed energy resource integration on protection coordination in distribution systems. The authors further propose a protection relay coordination strategy based on integrating a distributed energy grid. The protection relays along the routes are numbered and arranged to form the tracking routes set. The operating time of the overcurrent protection relay is adjusted using the Time Multiplier Setting and Pickup Current Setting. This article minimizes the cumulative operating times for all primary and backup protection relay pairs while adhering to the Coordination Time Interval constraints formulated as the optimization problem. Then, Particle Swarm Optimization was applied to evaluate the optimal combination of TMS and PCS in the protection coordination problem, ensuring compliance with various inequality constraints. The Authors used a distribution system containing distributed energy resources to simulate and examine the proposed model and approach. The results demonstrate that the PSO algorithm can successfully deal with the proposed optimal issue and mitigate the impact of distributed energy resources on protection coordination.