Phytochemical Composition and Inhibitory Effects of <i>Curcuma angustifolia</i> Leaves Extracts Against <i>α</i>‐Amylase and <i>α</i>‐Glucosidase Enzymes Associated With Hyperglycaemia: In Vitro and In Silico Analysis

Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. is a plant known for its therapeutic properties and has been employed conventionally to treat various ailments. The current research aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds and to explore the antihyperglycemic effects of C. angustifolia leaves through in vitro and in silico methods. The phytochemicals in the methanolic extract of leaves of C. angustifolia were detected using Fourier-transform infrared, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The antihyperglycemic potential of the different solvent extracts was evaluated using in vitro assays. The methanolic extract demonstrated comparatively higher inhibitory effects on both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, with the effects varying according to the concentration, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration values were 592.57 ± 0.64 and 267.11 ± 0.82 µg/ml, respectively. 2-p-Nitrophenyl-oxadiazol-1,3,4-one-5 was identified as a potential compound that could exhibit antihyperglycemic effects via molecular docking. 2-p-Nitrophenyl-oxadiazol-1,3,4-one-5 was found to have optimal physicochemical characteristics needed for drug-likeness based on in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity assessment. The prediction of activity spectra for substances prediction findings suggested that 2-p-nitrophenyl-oxadiazol-1,3,4-one-5 displays potent anti-diabetic activity, which aligns with the docking results. The findings suggested that the methanol extract of the leaves of C. angustifolia exhibits notable antihyperglycemic properties. Therefore, it could also be investigated to purify the active compound with antihyperglycemic effects.