Concurrent Hydrolysis–Fermentation of Tenebrio molitor Protein by Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM13068P Attenuates Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Constipation in Loperamide-Induced Mice

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder that negatively impacts quality of life and gut function. This study aimed to enhance the functional properties of <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> (mealworm) protein hydrolysates through fermentation with <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> KCCM13068P (TmLp). Compared to non-fermented hydrolysates (HeTm), TmLp exhibited improved protein hydrolysis and increased levels of amino acids associated with intestinal health. In vitro, TmLp showed anti-inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 macrophages and promoted the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. In a loperamide-induced constipation mouse model, TmLp significantly enhanced fecal output, water content, and intestinal transit. These findings suggest that TmLp may serve as a promising functional food ingredient for relieving constipation and promoting gut health.