Nephroprotective effect of Cannabis sativa oil nanoemulsion in rats exposed to valproic acid during the intrauterine period

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Cannabis sativa oil nanoemulsion (CBDON) on renal alterations induced by valproic acid (VPA) in rats. Methods: Pregnant female Wistar rats were exposed to VPA, and their offspring received treatment with CBD nanoemulsion at concentrations of 1% and 2%. After 60 days, evaluations were performed by means of body biometry, renal morphometry and oxidative stress analyses, with quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activity. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: VPA caused a reduction in body weight and alterations in renal structures, such as decreased glomerular area and diameter. Treatment with CBD nanoemulsion, especially at a concentration of 2%, showed a positive effect on the recovery of renal morphometric parameters and on the reduction of oxidative stress, partially reversing the damage caused by VPA. An increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and a decrease in MDA were observed in the groups treated with CBD. Conclusion: The study suggests that CBD nanoemulsion may have a nephroprotective effect, mitigating the renal changes induced by VPA during the intrauterine period.