University Teachers’ Attitudes Towards ESP and EMI in Croatian Higher Education: Implications for Internationalisation and Curriculum Development

Following the Bologna Process ( 2001) and Croatia's accession to the European Union (2013), English has assumed a more prominent role in Croatian higher education (HE).While Croatian remains the dominant language of instruction, universities are increasingly expected to internationalise their programmes through English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and English-Medium Instruction (EMI) courses.This study analyses the attitudes of content-area (non-language) university teachers at the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Croatia, towards the use of English in their teaching, focusing particularly on ESP and EMI.The aim is to examine how these attitudes contribute to the internationalisation of HE and support students' academic and professional development through discipline-specific English instruction.The results obtained from the data collected using an online questionnaire indicate strong support for ESP course integration, with most teachers recognising its value in enhancing students' employability and domain-specific language proficiency.While EMI was not addressed directly, several items suggest teachers are aware of EMI-related demands and express positive attitudes towards its benefits.Notably, teachers with Erasmus experience showed greater confidence in English and more openness to EMI.These findings highlight the need to expand ESP offerings, strengthen EMI-related training, and develop institutional language policies aligned with internationalisation goals.