Technological Progress of Innovative Industrial Clusters in the Yellow River Basin from the Perspective of New Quality Productivity Research on Industrial Upgrading Path

Technological innovation is the core of the development of new productive forces. Enhancing its capabilities is crucial for the development of innovative industrial clusters and can promote industrial innovation and the development of new productive forces. This paper uses the three-stage DEA model and Malmquist model to analyze the spatio-temporal differences and dynamic changes of its technological innovation efficiency from static and dynamic perspectives, taking into account environmental and random errors. The results show that: (1) After excluding external factors, the input-output efficiency of the innovative industrial clusters in the Yellow River Basin decreases significantly, indicating that environmental factors have a great impact. (2) From a static perspective, the efficiency of the industrial clusters in the 9 provinces and cities has large spatio-temporal differences, and the development of the upper, middle and lower reaches is unbalanced. (3) In terms of dynamics, the overall growth of total factor productivity depends on technological progress, but the technical efficiency needs to be improved. Based on this, the article explores the paths of industrial upgrading from the micro, macro and institutional levels to improve innovation efficiency and promote the development of new productive forces.