Magnitude, predictors, and trends of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis patients at Debre Markos, Northwest, Ethiopia: a five-year retrospective study

The prevalence of MDR-TB among patients with pulmonary TB was comparable to the national rate. Key risk factors for MDR-TB included male sex, prior TB treatment, HIV infection, and chest X-ray abnormalities. The increasing trend in 2020 highlights the need for strengthened TB treatment adherence counselling and further prospective studies to explore additional predictors of MDR-TB.