Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity, and In Vivo Anti-Ulcer Activity of Myricetin-Loaded Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

Background: The bioavailability of a variety of drugs has been enhanced by the use of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). Despite having several pharmacological effects, myricetin has limited bioavailability because of its poor solubility, which limits its use. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) have been developed to solve this issue. Aim: The study aims to develop and characterize a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of myricetin and evaluate its pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and in vivo anti-ulcer activity. Material and Methods: Myricetin-SNEDDS was formulated by solubility testing of myricetin in excipients, constructing a pseudo-ternary phase diagram and characterized using emulsification time, percent transmittance, thermodynamic stability, droplet size, polydispersity index and mor-phological characterization (TEM). Further acute oral toxicity study, pharmacokinetic parameters, in vivo antiulcer activity and in vivo anti-oxidant activity on stomach tissue for Myricetin-SNEDDS were evaluated. Results: Tween 80 (surfactant), propylene glycol (co-surfactant) and olive oil (oil phase) were used to prepare myricetin-SNEDDS, which was then optimized according to droplet size and emulsification ability. The obtained Myricetin-SNEDDS ME1F2 with droplet size <100 nm and emulsification time 9s. Further evaluations showed that these Myricetin-SNEDDS have no toxici-ty and the pharmacokinetic study showed improved systemic drug absorption, which increases oral bioavailability. Myricetin-SNEDDS showed significant anti-ulcer activity and in vivo anti-oxidant activity on stomach tissue. Conclusion: Myricetin's gastroprotective properties and anti-oxidative efficacy can be improved by SNEDDS, according to research, and it has a good probability of becoming a bioactive sub-stance used as an anti-ulcer agent.