Feminism-based rural development in India: changing perspectives and way ahead

Abstract Subject and purpose of work This paper reflects that change needs to be conceptualized as a process in which women are active agents or natural participants. It examines microfinance through three dimensions of social change, analyzing its role in addressing gender inequities and economic marginalization. Materials and methods The study is based on a comprehensive review of literature on microfinance, feminism, and social change, analyzing its impact on women’s empowerment. It applies feminist theories to assess whether microfinance alleviates or reinforces gender disparities. Results Scholars and policymakers have different perspectives on the effectiveness of microfinance programs. Proponents of microfinance see it as empowering women through economic activities, while critics argue it fosters exploitation by increasing debt burdens. Conclusion The study concludes that the effectiveness of microfinance in empowering women depends on structural and policy frameworks, requiring feminist-informed policies to address systemic issues for sustainable social change and gender equity.